Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Jee Young Han

34 Articles

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytologic Findings of Angiosarcoma: Report of Two Cases.: Jin Xian Ji, Young Chae Chu, Lucia Kim, Suk Jin Choi, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Kyu Ho Kim, Ju Young Song; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(2):217-222.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.2.217

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Angiosarcoma is a rare malignant vascular neoplasm which can arise in any part of the body. Specific recognition of this neoplasm in cytological specimens is difficult in the absence of an ancillary method. Herein, we present the cytologic findings of two cases of angiosarcomas diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology. One case is a recurred angiosarcoma in the left chest wall and the other case is a lymphedema-associated angiosarcoma in the left lower leg. The cytologic findings of both cases are similar. Cytologic features that identified this neoplasm as an angiosarcoma included arborizing microtissue fragments, irregular anastomosing vascular spaces lined by atypical cells, microacini, intracytoplasmic lumen, and intracellular red blood cells, marked cell discohesiveness, spindle to ovoid, irregular, hyperchromatic nuclei, and elongated cytoplasmic processes with indistinct borders. This report emphasizes that when aspiration smears show vasoformative features in a bloody background, angiosarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis.

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Four newly reported ophichthid leptocephali species revealed by mitochondrial 12S rDNA, with implications of their occurrence in Korea
Hwan Sung Ji, Hae Won Lee, Byung Kyu Hong, Jin Koo Kim
Animal Cells and Systems.2012; 16(5): 415. CrossRef

Cytologic Features of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma in Urine: Comparison with Urothelial Carcinoma.: Lucia Kim, Joo Young Song, Suk Jin Choi, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(1):79-86.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.1.79

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Prostate adenocarcinoma (PACa) cells are rarely identified in urine cytology specimens and might be easily overlooked or misdiagnosed as urothelial neoplasm when clinically unsuspected.
METHODS
We reviewed 19 urine cytology specimens obtained from 13 patients with PACa and evaluated the characteristic features discriminating PACa from urothelial carcinoma (UCa). For comparison, 27 cases of high-grade UCa (HGUCa) and 10 cases of urothelial carcinoma in situ (UCis) were also evaluated.
RESULTS
The urine cytologic evaluation of PACa revealed clustered cells forming 3-dimensional syncytial fragments with occasional microacinar grouping in a clean background. Most tumor cells were small and uniform with a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio and indistinct cell borders. The nuclei were round-to-oval and the cytoplasm was scanty and thin. One or more centrally-located prominent nucleoli were characteristically noted in one half of the cases. The nucleoli had a well-defined, large, round and eosinophilic appearance. In four high-grade cases, large tumor cells were encountered and had relatively monotonous cells with smooth-outlined cell clusters, well-defined and thin cytoplasm, and round nuclei with characteristic prominent nucleoli.
CONCLUSIONS
Combining the information of prostate cancer and the recognition of cytomorphologic features of PACa will help differentiate PACa from HGUCa and UCis.

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The diagnostic challenge of suspicious or positive malignant urine cytology findings when cystoscopy findings are normal: an outpatient blue-light flexible cystoscopy may solve the problem
Marie Andersson, Marthe Berger, Karsten Zieger, Per-Uno Malmström, Mats Bläckberg
Scandinavian Journal of Urology.2021; 55(4): 263. CrossRef
Sensitive Time-Gated Immunoluminescence Detection of Prostate Cancer Cells Using a TEGylated Europium Ligand
Nima Sayyadi, Irene Justiniano, Russell E. Connally, Run Zhang, Bingyang Shi, Liisa Kautto, Arun V. Everest-Dass, Jingli Yuan, Bradley J. Walsh, Dayong Jin, Robert D. Willows, James A. Piper, Nicolle H. Packer
Analytical Chemistry.2016; 88(19): 9564. CrossRef

Practical Standardization in Renal Biopsy Reporting.: So Young Jin, Hyeon Joo Jeong, Sun Hee Sung, Beom Jin Lim, Jee Young Han, Soon Won Hong, Hyun Ee Yim, Yeong Jin Choi, Yong Mee Cho, Myoung Jae Kang, Kyung Chul Moon, Hee Jeong Cha, Seung Yeon Ha, Mi Seon Kang, Mee Young So, Kwang Sun Suh, Jong Eun Joo, Yong Jin Kim, Nam Hee Won, Moon Hyang Park; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(6):613-622.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.6.613

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
To standardize renal biopsy reporting and diagnosis, The Renal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists (RPSKSP) has developed a renal pathology reporting format for the native and allograft kidney.
METHODS
A consensus checklist of a provisional renal biopsy format was sent to all members of the RPSKSP. Feed back opinions regarding the practical application of the checklist to the diagnostic work were received.
RESULTS
Kidney biopsies require three essential examinations: by light microscopy, immunofluorescence (IF), and electron microscopy (EM). A final report of a renal biopsy should include information on specimen adequacy and a description of the morphologic change using a systematic semiquantitative method for each of the compartments, with optional separate IF and EM reports.
CONCLUSIONS
A standard renal biopsy report format is important in establishing clinicopathologic correlations, making reliable prognostic considerations, comparing the findings in sequential biopsies and evaluating the effects of therapy.

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Additional antihypertensive effect of magnesium supplementation with an angiotensin II receptor blocker in hypomagnesemic rats
Kyubok Jin, Tae Hee Kim, Yeong Hoon Kim, Yang Wook Kim
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2013; 28(2): 197. CrossRef
Clinicopathologic Features of IgA-Dominant Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis
Tai Yeon Koo, Gheun-Ho Kim, Hyang Park
Korean Journal of Pathology.2012; 46(2): 105. CrossRef

Aspiration Cytology of Cervical Thymoma: A Case Report.: Xian Ji Jin, Ju Young Song, Suk Jin Choi, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(4):444-447.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.4.444

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Abstract PDF

An ectopic cervical thymoma is an uncommon tumor of the neck displaying the same histologic features as a mediastinal thymoma. Because of its unusual location, this mass is often confused as originating from the thyroid. In this report we describe a case of cervical type AB thymoma. Aspiration cytologic smears were highly cellular and revealed irregular tissue fragments, cohesive sheets, and clusters of crowded epithelial cells intermingled with many small lymphocytes. The epithelial cells had oval and spindle shaped bland-looking nuclei and scant cytoplasm with indistinct cell borders. Mitosis, nuclear atypia, and necrosis were not observed. The cells were focally arranged in a nesting pattern. Many small lymphocytes, a few activated lymphocytes, and lymphoid tangles were seen in the background. A cytologic misdiagnosis of "possible carcinoma" was rendered. Therefore, ectopic thymoma should also be considered in fine needle aspiration cytology of a neck mass when the smear shows epithelial and lymphoid components.

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Aspiration cytology of an ectopic cervical thymoma misinterpreted as a lymphoproliferative lesion of the thyroid: A case report
YI-YING LEE, WEN-CHING WANG, CHIEN-FENG LI
Oncology Letters.2015; 10(3): 1255. CrossRef

Cytology of Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma on Intraoperative Touch Imprint Smears: A Case Report.: Ju Young Song, Xian Ji Jin, Jee Young Han, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu, Suk Jin Choi; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(6):589-593.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.6.589

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Follicular dendritic cell (FDC) sarcoma is a neoplastic proliferation of FDCs. Because its cytologic findings can vary widely, both the cytomorphology and histopathology of FDC sarcoma can impose a significant diagnostic dilemma. We present cytologic features of FDC sarcoma assessed by intraoperative touch imprint. Intra-abdominal lymphadenopathies were noted in 54-year-old male with hepatitis B-virus associated liver cirrhosis. In contrast to cytologic features of classical FDC sarcoma, the tumor cells featured a large epithelioid or Reed-Sternberg cell-like shape scattered in a background with abundant inflammatory cells, which led to a mistaken diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. However, in accordance with cytologic features previously described in the literature, the tumor cells were characterized by a fragile cytoplasm with cytoplasmic processes in dendritic or reticulated patterns reminiscent of the ultrastructural features of FDC. Cytoplasmic features rendering nuclei with a tendency to form clusters or syncytial aggregates associated with reactive lymphocytes appear to be the most valuable finding in diagnosis of FDC sarcoma.

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Cytomorphology of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: a report of 7 cases with an emphasis on the diagnostic challenges
Cody Weimholt, Jalal B. Jalaly, Cedric Bailey
Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology.2023; 12(3): 229. CrossRef
A Cytological Review of Follicular Dendritic Cell-Derived Tumors with Emphasis on Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma and Unicentric Castleman Disease
José A. Jiménez-Heffernan, Cristina Díaz del Arco, Magdalena Adrados
Diagnostics.2022; 12(2): 406. CrossRef
Cytological diagnosis of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: A case report and review of literature
A. Dutta, P. Arun, P. Roy, I. Arun
Cytopathology.2018; 29(5): 461. CrossRef

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Diagnosis of a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of the Stomach: A Case Report.: Lucia Kim, Hyung Gil Kim, Young Chae Chu, In Suh Park, Suk Jin Choi, Jee Young Han, Sun Hee Kim, Don Haeng Lee, Joon Mee Kim; Korean J Cytopathol. 2008;19(2):178-182.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3338/kjc.2008.19.2.178

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Abstract PDF: We report here a case of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in the stomach that was diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (EUS-FNA). A 67 year old male patient underwent regular check-ups for five years due to the presence of a submucosal tumor that was found in the fundus of the stomach incidentally. EUS-FNA was performed to evaluate the tumor, which had increased in size from 1cm to 2.8cm. A cytologic smear revealed cohesive sheets or clusters of spindle cells with elongated nuclei. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a strong positive reaction for c-kit and CD34, without any reaction for smooth muscle actin and Ki-67. Therefore, a diagnosis of GIST was made.

Prognostic Significance of Thymosin- 4 in Gastric Adenocarcinoma Patients.: Lucia Kim, Ye Ji Kim, Suk Jin Choi, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Young Chae Chu, Joon Mee Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(3):176-182.

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Abstract PDF: Background
: Thymosin- 4 is an actin-sequestering protein that regulates actin polymerization. It is known to be associated with cell migration, angiogenesis and wound healing, as well as with tumor metastasis.
Methods
: We immunohistochemically evaluated the thymosin- 4 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma specimens, the relationship between this protein and the pathologic features and other tumor-related proteins, and its influence on the patient outcome.
Results
: We demonstrated that 40 specimens (26.3%) of 152 gastric adenocarcinomas showed positivity for thymosin- 4. The thymosin- 4 expression was statistically associated with advanced tumor stage (p=0.010), the nodal stage (p=0.029), the TNM stage (p=0.008), and the presence of lymphovascular invasion (p=0.009). The thymosin- 4 protein expression was closely related to the positivity for VEGF (p=0.000), c-Myc (p=0.007), and cyclin D1 (p=0.005), but it was not associated with the E-cadherin (p=0.861) or -catenin (p=0.640) expressions. The median survival and disease relapse time of patients showing thymosin-4 immunoreactivity were statistically shorter than those of patients without expression. Multivariate analysis showed that the tumor stage (p=0.003), nodal stage (p=0.005), thymosin- 4 expression (p=0.019) and Lauren's classification (p=0.037) were statistically important prognostic factors for gastric adenocarcinomas.
Conclusions
: The thymosin- 4 expression might be associated with disease progression of gastric adenocarcinomas and it should be regarded as an important prognostic factor for estimating patient survival.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Midkine Expression in Preinvasive and Invasive Squamous Cell Neoplasia of the Uterine Cervix.: Suk Jin Choi, Eun Seop Song, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu; Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(2):79-86.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Midkine (MK) is a member of the heparin-binding growth factor family. Overexpression of MK is observed not only in cancerous tissue but also in precancerous lesions of the colon and the prostate. Using immunohistochemical methods, we investigated MK expression in preinvasive and invasive neoplasia of the uterine cervix.
METHODS
We performed immunohistochemical analysis of archived cone biopsy and hysterectomy specimens from 161 squamous cell lesions of the uterine cervix (29 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN1), 35 CIN2, 49 CIN3, 30 microinvasive squamous cell carcinomas (MIC), and 18 invasive squamous cell carcinoma). In addition, we examined if there is a correlation between MK expression and status of human papilloma virus infection determined by a commercially available DNA chip.
RESULTS
None of the normal cervical mucosa showed MK immunostaining. The level of MK expression gradually increased according to the histologic grade. Moderate and strong expressions were most frequently observed in cervical tissue with CIN3 and MIC. MK immunostaining was more accentuated in the invasive border of MIC.
CONCLUSION
MK may play a functional role in the disease progression of cervical squamous cell neoplasia.

Cytologic Evaluation of Adenocarcinoma and its Mimics in Sputum and Bronchial Washings.: Young Chae Chu, In Suh Park, Suk Jin Choi, Lucia Kim, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Jung Ae Park; Korean J Cytopathol. 2007;18(1):36-45.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVE: To identify key cytologic features for diagnosis of adenocarcinoma and morphologic differentiation from reactive/reparative respiratory epithelium. STUDY DESIGN: The cytomorphologic features of 145 pulmonary cytology specimens (sputum and bronchial washing), which included 117 histologically proven adenocarcinomas and 28 non-neoplastic lesions, cytologically diagnosed as atypia and suspicious for malignancy (adenocarcinoma) were reviewed retrospectively. We analyzed 11 morphologic criteria in pulmonary cytologic specimens.
RESULTS
Over 110 of 117 cases of adenocarcinomas revealed nuclear membrane irregularities, non-cohesive cells, single atypical cells, moderate to markedly enlarged nuclei and an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio. Chromatin clearing, chromatin heterogeneity and hyperchromasia were seen in 102, 99 and 97 cases, respectively. All 28 cases involving non-neoplastic lesions revealed hyperplastic reactive pneumocytes, hyperplastic reactive bronchial epithelium, or degenerating macrophages. The non-neoplastic lesions revealed a small number of atypical cell clusters and paucity or absence of atypical single cells.
CONCLUSION
The most important morphologic features for diagnosis of adenocarcinoma are nuclear membrane irregularities, non-cohesive cells, single atypical cell, moderate to markedly enlarged nuclei and increased N/C ratio. Chromatin clearing, chromatin heterogeneity and hyperchromasia were also helpful features, while pleomorphism and prominent nucleoli were less valuable.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Parathyroid Neoplasms: A Review of Three Cases.: Lucia Kim, Jee Young Han, In Suh Park, Suk Jin Choi, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu; Korean J Cytopathol. 2007;18(1):74-80.

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Abstract PDF: Parathyroid tumors may be difficult to distinguish from thyroid follicular lesions, especially when a tumor is nonfunctioning. We report here two cases of asymptomatic parathyroid carcinoma preoperatively misdiagnosed as thyroid follicular lesions, and one case of parathyroid adenoma showing hyperparathyroidism, and review the cytologic features favoring the diagnosis of parathyroid neoplasm. The cytologic findings that are characterized by clean background, monomorphic small cells, cohesive three-dimensional papillary clusters, small tight clusters with scattered naked nuclei, and well-defined clear cytoplasm favor a diagnosis for the parathyroid lesions. Cytologic findings such as macrofollicular structure, presence of colloid and macrophages, and presence of perivacuolar cytoplasmic granules on May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain support a diagnosis of a thyroid follicular lesion. The cytomorphology of parathyroid tumors is so variable that the distinction from a thyroid lesion cannot be based on the presence or absence of a single feature only but on the cytologic features as a whole.

Cerebellar Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma: A Case Report.: Seung Baik Han, Suk Jin Choi, Lucia Kim, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu, In Suh Park; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(3):231-234.

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Abstract PDF: Cerebellar pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare tumor. The most common manifestation of PXA is a seizure, as opposed to the headache and dizziness that were present in our reported case; these atypical symptoms were related to the development of tumor in cerebellum. We describe here a case of PXA in the cerebellum of a 49-year-old female and we discuss the radiological, histological and immunohistochemical findings of PXA that occurred in the cerebellum.

Composite Hemangioendothelioma: A Case Report.: Young Chae Chu, Suk Jin Choi, In Suh Park, Lucia Kim, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(2):142-147.

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Abstract PDF: Composite hemangioendothelioma (CHE) is a recently described vascular tumor of low-grade malignancy. We report a case of CHE in an 18-year-old woman who presented with a 2-month history of an enlarging palpable mass in the left axilla. Grossly, the excised tumor was relatively circumscribed, nodular, firm, and soft. It measured 6.0 x 4.5 x 4.0 cm. The cut surface revealed a whitish gray solid area and a dark red to tan cystic area containing necrotic material. Histologically, the tumor demonstrated variably intermixed benign and malignant vascular components. The benign components showed features of an arteriovenous malformation, capillary hemangioma, spindle cell hemangioma and cavernous hemangioma. The malignant components were composed of areas resembling retiform hemangioendothelioma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, and angiosarcoma. The angiosarcoma component showed a mixed epithelioid and spindle shaped cell morphology with moderate differentiation. A nearly imperceptible transition between the benign and malignant components was noted.

Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Stomach: A Case Report.: Joon Mee Kim, In Suh Park, Lucia Kim, Suk Jin Choi, Jee young Han, Young Chae Chu, Kyoung Rae Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(2):148-150.

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Abstract PDF: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the stomach is a rare tumor-like, benign disease with an uncertain pathogenesis. A 15-year-old male presented with epigastric pain. Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed a 2.3 cm sized ovoid intramuscular mass in the lower body of the stomach at the lesser curvature. Histologically, the tumor was composed of smooth muscle actin positive- and vimentin positive spindle cells and there were a large number of lymphocytes, plasma cells and histiocytes in the fibrotic background. The spindle cells were also positive for ALK1, but negative for EBV in situ hybridization.

Gangliocytic Paraganglioma.: Joon Mee Kim, Suk Jin Choi, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Young Chae Chu, Hyung Gil Kim, Sun Geun Choi; Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(6):428-432.

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Abstract PDF: Gangliocytic paraganglioma (GP) is a rare benign tumor that is usually seen in the duodenum. It shows unique histologic features that are composed of a carcinoid or paraganglioma-like appearance, ganglion cells, and Schwann cells. The common presenting symptoms are abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding and obstruction. The lesion can sometimes be asymptomatic and they are discovered incidentally. We experienced a case of incidentally found GP in a 73 year-old-man who had a colon cancer with liver metastasis. During the preoperative workup, a submucosal tumor was found in the duodenal papilla. The frozen diagnosis of the duodenal mass was GP, which was confirmed by the permanent sections and immunohistochemical staining. Pathologists should be alert to recognize and diagnose this rare, but benign disease, especially in the patient suffering with gastrointestinal cancer.

Touch Imprint Cytology of Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report.: Suk Jin Choi, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Che Chu; Korean J Cytopathol. 2005;16(2):93-97.

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Fine Needle Aspiration Cytologic Findings of Fibromatosis Colli: A Report of Three Cases.: In Suh Park, Lucia Kim, Suk Jin Choi, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu, Sun Geun Choi; Korean J Cytopathol. 2005;16(1):61-65.

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Abstract PDF: Fibromatosis colli is a benign fibrous tissue proliferation of sternocleidomastoid muscle, which is usually observed during the first month of life, often associated with congenital torticollis. It should be differentiated from other neck masses in infants because the usual initial treatment of fibromatosis colli is conservative management and invasive therapy should be avoided. Fine needle aspiration cytology provides an excellent minimally invasive diagnostic way for evaluation of infantile neck masses. We describe three cases of fibromatosis colli diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. All of them were younger than one month and presented as a neck mass. Clinical impressions were malignant tumors in two cases and fibromatosis colli in one case. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed benign and mature fibroblasts and atrophic striated muscle fibers. The cytologic diagnosis was fibromatosis colli or benign fibous lesion.

Pleomorphic Hyalinizing Angiectatic Tumor of Soft Parts: A Case Report.: Young Chae Chu, Sun Keun Choi, In Suh Park, Hye Seung Han, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2002;36(3):195-198.

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Abstract PDF: A case of rare pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PHAT) of soft parts is reported. A 35-year-old woman presented with a subcutaneous solid mass in the left inguinal area, which had been present for 3 months, was presented to us. The tumor was histologically characterized by sheets of mitotically inactive oval and pleomorphic cells, mono-and multinucleated giant cells, intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions, and prominent clusters of thinwalled ectatic vessels with perivascular hyalinization. A focal hemangiopericytoma-like vascular pattern, pseudovascular spaces, stromal collagen with degenerative change and abundant mast cells were observed. The tumor cells were reactive for vimentin and CD34. This tumor shared several features with malignant fibrous histiocytoma, ancient schwannoma, giant cell angiofibroma, giant cell fibroblastoma and solitary fibrous tumor. The patient was well with no evidence of disease for 10 months.

Immunohistochemical Expression of p53, p21, and mdm2 Proteins in Human Papillomavirus Positive and Negative Invasive Uterine Cervical Carcinomas.: In Seo Park, Hye Seung Han, Tae Sook Kim, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu, Tae Sook Hwang; Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(3):212-219.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
In the uterine cervical carcinoma, the inactivation of p53 protein by human papillomavirus(HPV) E6 protein has been reported to play a greater role in carcinogenesis than the mutation of the p53 gene. Therefore, the mutation of the p53 gene is rare. p21 and mdm2 proteins are induced by wild-type p53 protein and are involved in the cell cycle regulatory mechanism.
METHODS
Immunohistochemical staining for p53, p21 and mdm2 proteins was performed in 26 HPV-positive and 13 HPV-negative invasive cervical carcinomas together with 5 non-neoplastic cervical tissues.
RESULTS
The frequencies of the expression of p53, p21 and mdm2 proteins were 82.1%, 84.6% and 66.7%, respectively. The expression of p53 protein was less frequently demonstrated in HPV-positive cases than HPV-negative cases, which was statistically a negative correlation(p=0.018). The expression of p53 and p21 proteins was statistically significant(p=0.000).
CONCLUSIONS
p53, p21 and mdm2 proteins were highly expressed in both HPV-positive and HPV-negative cervical carcinomas. Significantly higher expression of p53 protain in HPV-negative cases necessitate a further study for investigating the role of p53 protein accumulation in carcinogenesis of HPV-negative cervical carcinomas. The relationship between the expression of p53 protein and p21/mdm2 proteins may indicate that p21 and mdm2 proteins also have a role in carcinogenesis, where p53 protein plays a fundamental role.

Endobronchial Actinomycosis: A report of two cases.: Hye Seung Han, Kwang Ho Kim, In Seo Park, Jee Young Han, Young Bae Kim, Tae Sook Hwang, Young Chae Chu; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(6):465-470.

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Abstract PDF: Actinomycosis causes a chronic suppurative infection most commonly involving the cervico-facial region, thorax, and the abdomen. Thoracic infection results from an aspiration of contaminated material from mouth or oropharynx. Actinomyces was known to have a predilection for the periphery of the lung and the endobronchial lesion is extremely rare. We report two cases of actinomycosis presenting as an endobronchial mass which arose in 53-year-old and 44-year-old women. The first case presented with cough, sputum, weight loss and had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis 24 years ago. Chest CT revealed a right lobe collapse simulating mass and suggested carcinoma. The second case presented with hemoptysis for 2 years. Chest CT revealed cystic bronchiectasis of both lungs and intracystic soft tissue mass in the anterior segment of the right upper lobe which suggested aspergilloma. The gross features of them were similar to those of aspergilloma. Characteristic sulphur granules consisting of a granular basophilic center surrounded by a radiating zone of eosinophilic, hyaline, club-shaped projection were histologically confirmed in both cases. Granulomas containing P. westermani eggs were present in the second case. Staphylococcus, true fungal organism, nocardia, and streptomyces shoud be distinguished by analysing their morphologic characteristics in the appropriate stains. Actinomycosis should be included in the differential diagnoses of an endobronchial mass.

Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Transurethral Resection Specimens On serum PSA and histologic findings.: Joon Mee Kim, Soo Kee Min, Young Chae Chu, Tae Sook Hwang, Young Bae Kim, Jee Young Han, Tae Sook Kim, Hye Seung Han; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(5):349-357.

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Abstract PDF: Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), which is divided into low and high grade, has different clinicopathologic significance. We reviewed 158 prostatic tissues, which consisted of 144 cases of nodular hyperplasias and 14 cases of adenocarcinomas, to evaluate incidence of PIN, its histologic finding, and its clinical significance. Ten cases of PIN, 4 low grade and 6 high grade, were found. Four cases of low grade PIN (LPIN) and five cases of high grade PIN (HPIN) were associated with nodular hyperplasia. Only one case of HPIN occurred in carcinoma. The constant histologic findings of LPIN were nuclear stratification and nucleomegaly. The most prominent characteristics of HPIN were hyperchromasia and prominent nucleoli. Anisonucleosis was not so helpful for differential diagnosis between LPIN and HPIN. Basal layer disruption was present in one case of high grade PIN associated with adenocarcinoma, and important for the differentiatial diagnosis of cribriform HPIN from the cribriform adenocarcinoma. There was no significant difference in age incidence between the two groups with the mean age of 70.9 years in nodular hyperplasia and 69.4 years in adenocarcinoma. Serum PSA level was significantly different between the two group with the mean PSA value of 11.03 ng/ml in nodular hyperplasia and that of 73.76 ng/ml in carcinoma (p=0.000). However, PSA values between "nodular hyperplasia only" group and "PIN associated nodular hyperplasia" group were not significantly different. PIN association changed neither age distribution nor serum PSA level. During the follow up period, no adenocacinoma has occurred in the cases having PIN although serum PSA level has elevated in some cases. One case of adenocarcinoma associated with HPIN developed in the nodular hyperplasia patient. Although PIN did not increase the possibility of subsequent prostatic adenocarcinoma in transurethral resection specimens, it could not be excluded that PIN was a precursor of prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I-Receptor in Colorectal Adenomas and Carcinomas.: Young Chae Chu, Hye Seung Han, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Bae Kim, Tae Sook Hwang; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(3):199-207.

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Abstract PDF: The activation of the insulin-like growth factor-I-receptor system (IGF-IR) has recently emerged as critical events in transformation and tumorigenicity of several human tumors. In this study we investigated the expression of IGF-IR in 33 colorectal adenomas, 88 primary colorectal carcinomas, and 30 normal colonic mucosa adjacent to the carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) for IGF-IR was performed on paraffin embedded sections using an anti-IGF-IR rabbit polyclonal antibody. IHC stains for IGF-IR were scored using a semiquantitative scoring system. The relationship of IGF-IR staining to clinicopathologic variables and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining was also analysed. The mean IHC scores for IGF-IR of normal glands, adenoma, intramucosal carcinoma, node-negative carcinoma, and node-positive carcinoma were 0.41 0.96, 0.76 1.23, 2.0 1.48, 2.83 2.0 and 5.93 1.58, respectively. These scores for each category were statistically significant except between normal glands and adenoma and between intramucosal carcinoma and node-negative carcinomas. The mean PCNA indexes of normal glands, adenoma, intramucosal carcinoma, node-negative carcinoma, and node-positive carcinoma were 2.48 2.60, 6.94 11.03, 27.21 11.42, 43.36 9.9 and 57.60 10.01, respectively. The PCNA index for each category was statistically significant except between normal and adenoma. IGF-IR scores and PCNA indexes were higher with tumor progression and also correlated each other (sr=0.65, p=0.0001). Higher IGF-IR scores and PCNA indexes were seen in tumors with advanced stage, infiltrative growth pattern, poor differentiation, nerve invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and moderate fibrosis. Our results suggest that IGF-IR plays an important role in tumorigenicity and tumor progression.

Anticancer Effect and Apoptosis of All-trans-retinoic Acid on the Human Ovarian Epithelial Carcinoma Cell Lines.: Jee Young Han, Woo Hee Jung, Tai Seung Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(3):225-234.

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Abstract PDF: Ovarian carcinoma is a serious disease in women. Some reports revealed all-trans-retinoic acid (tRA) inhibited the proliferation of ovarian carcinoma cell lines and induced apoptosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticancer and apoptotic effects of tRA and the expression of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) alpha, beta, gamma, p53, bcl-2, and c-myc genes on the ovarian carcinoma cell lines, NIH OVCAR3 and SKOV3. In both cell lines, the proliferation of tumor cells was inhibited and characteristic morphologic patterns of apoptosis were shown after treatment of tRA. The number of apoptotic cells and the percentage of apoptosis were increased after treatment of tRA. The gel electrophoresis revealed the DNA ladder pattern in the NIH OVCAR3. Gene expressions were observed using northern blotting. There was no RARalpha expression in both cell lines. In NIH OVCAR3, there was no changes in the expression of RARbeta and bcl-2 gene. The RARgamma gene expression of tRA treated group was slightly increased, but p53 gene expression was decreased, and c-myc gene was not expressed. In SKOV3, the expressions of RARbeta, gamma, and p53 genes were increased and that of bcl-2 was decreased in the tRA treated group. There was no change in c-myc gene expression. These results suggest tRA has anticancer and apoptotic effect on both ovarian carcinoma cell lines. RARbeta, RARgamma, bcl-2, and p53 gene expressions were correlated with these effects of tRA on SKOV3 but not on NIH OVCAR3.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma: A Case Report .: Hye Seung Han, In Seo Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Bae Kim, Tae Sook Hwang, Young Chae Chu; Korean J Cytopathol. 2000;11(2):115-119.

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Abstract PDF: Alveolar soft part sarcoma is a rare soft tissue tumor. Few cases of fine needle aspiration cytology have been reported in the literature. We experienced a case of recurrent alveolar soft part sarcoma of the right thigh diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology in a 47-year-old man. Cytologic findings showed single cells and clusters associated with thin walled vasculature in a distinct pseudo-alveolar pattern. The tumor cells exhibited round or ovoid abundant granular cytoplasm and large pleomorphic nuclei with prominent central nucleoli.

Expression of Maspin Protein in Ductal Hyperplasia, Intraductal Carcinoma and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast.: Young Chae Chu, In Seo Park, Yoon Ju Kim, Joon Mee Kim, Hye Seung Han, Jee Young Han, Young Bae Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(8):614-619.

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Abstract PDF: Maspin is a recently described gene with tumor suppressor activity. The gene product is a 42 kD protein with homology to the serpin family of protease inhibitors and may play a role as an inhibitor of tumor cell invasion. The prior observation that invasive breast cancers and their metastases showed decreased maspin protein expression by immunostaining supports this speculation. However, the role of maspin in breast cancer progression has not been studied in detail. We, therefore, studied maspin protein expression in a series of hyperplasia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, intraductal carcinoma and invasive carcinomas. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) for maspin was performed on paraffin sections of 136 breast specimens using a commercially available monoclonal antibody. Among the 106 cases studied were 36 moderate/florid ductal hyperplasia, 11 atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), 29 intraductal carcinoma (IDC) (4 low grade, 13 intermediate grade, 12 high grade) and 30 invasive ductal carcinomas. Thirty cases of normal breast were also studied as control group. IHC stains were scored using a semiquantitative scoring system. The mean IHC scores for maspin for normal, moderate/florid hyperplasia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, intraductal carcinoma, and invasive carcinoma were 5.51 1.30, 7.36 0.72, 3.82 1.60, 4.48 2.69, 3.97 3.30, respectively. These scores for each category were statistically significant (p<0.05), except between ADH and IDC. Maspin protein expression was increased in most cases of moderate/florid hyperplasia, while maspin expression was more heterogeneous in ADH and IDC. In high grade IDC, maspin protein expression was stronger than low and intermediate grade IDC, and this suggests the possibility of a compensatory cellular response against the forces driving further tumor progression. Two thirds of invasive ductal carcinomas expressed maspin protein weakly and focally. All metastatic carcinomas of lymph nodes were negative for maspin. It is possible that high grade IDC with strong maspin expression may represent a subset less likely to progress to invasive cancer. This speculation merits investigation in clinical outcome studies.

Fibro-osseous Pseudotumor of the Digits: A case report .: In Seo Park, Jee Young Han, Hye Seung Han, Young Bae Kim, Young Chae Chu; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(7):540-543.

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Abstract PDF: Fibro-osseous pseudotumor of the digits is a heterotopic ossification closely related to myositis ossificans and occurs in the subcutaneous tissue of the digits. This lesion is considered a reactive fibroblastic proliferation with metaplastic bone formation. We report a case of fibro-osseous pseudotumor of left index finger in a 28-year-old woman. She had had an ovoid smooth subcutaneous mass with tenderness on the left index finger for one month. In gross, the specimen consisted of a relatively circumscribed, rubbery soft mass with grayish white cut surface measuring 2.0 1.7 1.5 cm. Upon microscopic examination the lesion showed irregular multinodular growth with considerably variable cellularity. Because of the focal hypercellularity, cellular atypia, and increased mitotic activity this lesion may be confused with extraskeletal osteosarcoma or parosteal osteosarcoma. This rare lesion is curable by complete local excision.

Cytologic Features of an Angiosarcoma in Pleural Fluid: A Case Report .: Young Chae Chu, In Seo Park, Yoon Ju Kim, Hye Seung Han, Jee Young Han; Korean J Cytopathol. 1999;10(1):61-66.

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Abstract PDF: Angiosarcomas are rare tumors, seen most commonly in the skin and soft tissue of head and neck region. But it has been described in numerous body sites including thyroid, breast, liver, spleen, bone, etc.. Their biological behaviors depend on the microscopic grade, site of origin, and multifocality. We report the unique cytological features of an angiosarcoma in pleural fluid. A 61-year-old woman presented with a 6 month history of dyspnea on exertion and chest pain. Chest computerized tomography(CT) revealed multiple subpleural small nodules in the right lung and widespread air space consolidation and pleural effusion in the left lung. CT of liver revealed multiple small low attenuated lesion. The smears obtained from pleural fluid showed hypocellularity with a hemorrhagic background. The tumor cells were highly pleomorphic oval or spindle in shape and presented singly, in loose groups, in knitted syncytial aggregates, and in acinar pattern. Their nuclei had vesicular chromatin with delineated, thick nuclear membranes and occasionally a large eosinophilic, prominent nucleolus. The cytoplasm was plump, thin or projected in spindly fashion. Almost all tumor cells showed variable sized intracytoplasmic vacuoles and their nuclei were sometimes crescentic by a huge vacuole. Occasional binucleated tumor cells and mitotic figures were present. Cellular debris and streaky materials were identified. Needle biopsy specimen from the pleura revealed anastomosing slit-like spaces lined by pleomorphic tumor cells. The tumor cells showed a strong reactivity for CD31 and vimentin and focal weak reactivity for factor VIII-related antigen.

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in Ethanol-Fixed and Papanicolaou Stained Archival Materials.: Tae Sook Hwang, In Seo Park, Hye Seung Han, Jee Young Han, Young Bae Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(8):603-607.

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Abstract: Granuloma is a chronic inflammatory process associated with non-infectious agents or infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. It is well known that AFB staining, which has been used to determine the etiology of the granulomatous inflammation, lacks both sensitivity and specificity. Due to the slow growth rate of most pathogenic mycobacteria, culturing of organisms can take up to eight weeks. It is not uncommon for specific therapy to be delayed, or for an inappropriate treatment be given to patients without mycobacterial infections or with infections caused by atypical mycobacteria. Determination of the causative agent in Papanicolaou stained cytology specimens gives pathologists even more difficulties when only necrotic material has been aspirated from the center of the granuloma. In recent years, the use of a polymerase chain reaction for the amplification of DNA has appeared promising in terms of speed, efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity. Since a polymerase chain reaction permits the sensitive genetic analysis of small amounts of tissue, it is ideally suited to the genetic analysis of cytologic specimens. A polymerase chain reaction is easily performed on unfixed and unstained cells, however, an analysis of ethanol fixed and Papanicolaou-stained archival smears has also been described. We have recently established a method to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis organism by a nested polymerase chain reaction with primers in the insertion sequence IS 6110, using cellular digests of ethanol-fixed and Papanicolaou-stained archival specimens aspirated from the lymph nodes, lungs, thyroid, etc. Inhibitors present in Papanicolaou stained material was removed by destaining the slides with 0.5% HCl solution for 10-30 minutes. Eight out of ten cases which have shown the epithelioid granulomas revealed a positive reaction and four out of ten cases which have shown lymphohistiocytic cells in a necrotic background without any evidence of granuloma revealed a positive reaction. This study showed that it was possible to employ a polymerase chain reaction to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Papanicolaou stained archival cytology specimens.

Congenital Mesoblastic Nephromas with lmmunohistochemical and Flow Cytometric Analysis.: Woo Hee Jung, Yee Jeong Kim, Jee Young Han, Woo Ick Yang, Dae Young Kang; Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(3):303-310.

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Abstract PDF: We reviewed 7 cases of congenital mesoblastic nephroma (4 cases of classical mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) and 3 cases of atypical mesoblastic nephroma (AMN)) using immuno-histochemical and flow cytometric study. Results are as follows. 1) The mean tumor size was 5 (3 to 7cm)cm in CMN and 9 (7 to 10cm)cm in AMN. The AMN revealed hemorrhage and necrosis in two Of three cases. A case of AMN showed cystic change without hemorrhage and necrosis. Mitotic count ranged in 0~4/10HPF in CMN and 20-35/10HPF in AMN. 2) Immunohistochemistry for vimentin was all positive. Actin, desmin were weakly positive in CMN, but negative in AMN. The findings were consistent with myofibroblastic differentiation in CMN and AMN was considered to be the less differentiated form of CMN. 3) Flow cytometiic analysis showed diploidy in two of two CMNs and two of three AMNs. Only one AMN showed aneuploidy with DNA index of 1.41. %SG2M were 8.1 and 15.9 (mean 12.0) in CMN and 16.9, 32.9 and 19.3 (mean 22.9) in AMN, respectively. We concluded that AMN should be distinguished from CMN, clinicopathologically.

Methotrexate Induced Chronic Active Hepatitis: A report of two cases.: Jee Young Han, Young Nyun Park, Chan Il Park, Chae Yoon Chon; Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(2):168-172.

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Abstract PDF: Although methotrexate(MTX) has been known to have many side effects, especially toxicity on the hemopoietic cells and the liver, it has been used as a potent anticancer drug and for the treatment of psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis. The severity of hepatotoxicity varies from mild fatty change to chronic active hepatitis(CAH) and cirrhosis. We experienced two cases of MTXinduced CAH in patients with psoriasis, which prompted us to report in view of the absence of biopsy proven MTX hepatotoxicity in the Korean literature. Microscopically, the liver showed a distorted lobular architecture with portal fibrous expansion, piecemeal necrosis and bridging necrosis/fibrosis. The hepatic lobules revealed fatty changes of hepatocyte, focal hepatocytolysis, delicate collagen deposits along the space of Disse and the characteristically marked polyploid nuclear change of hepatocytes.

Congenital Choroid Plexus Papilloma: Report of a case.: Jee Young Han, Jai Hyang Go, Tai Seung Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(1):68-72.

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Abstract PDF: The choroid plexus papilloma is a rare tumor. Its incidence is 0.4-0.6% of all intracranial tumors. Most cases of this tumor are found in the young subject, especially infant and childhood but its congenital form is very rare. The clinical and pathologic findings of congenital choroid plexus papilloma are similar to that of any age. But the cilia on the cell surface are common in the former and very rare in the latter. We present a case of congenital choroid plexus papilloma of the lateral ventricle in a 2 month-old male baby. He had suffered from a sudden onset of convulsions and a drowsy mental state for 2 days. The CT scan revealed a large intraventricular tumor in the left lateral ventricle with hydrocephalus. After ventriculo-peritoneal shunt(V-P shunt), his symptoms were improved. But the hydrocephalus was aggravated due to malfunction of V-P shunt, and he recieved the operation after 4 months. The gross examination revealed a large ovoid papillary tumor(4x3x3cm). On light microscopic examination, the tumor showed papillary structure lined by columnar eosinophilic cells. Some cells had cilia. The electron microscopic finding showed intercellular junction, microvilli and cilia. The tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin, vimentin and S-100 protein.

The Tissue Expression of HBsAg and HBcAg in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Peritumoral Liver.: Jee Young Han, Woo Hee Jung, Chae Yoon Chon, Chan Il Park; Korean J Pathol. 1993;27(4):371-378.

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Abstract PDF: To evaluate the tissue expression rate and pattenr of HBsAg and HBcAg in tumors and peritumoral livers, an immunohistochemical study was undertaken on 47 surgically resected hepatocellular carcinomas(HCCs). The results are as follows. 1. Patient's sera were positive for HBsAg in 40 cases(85.1%). In the remaining 7 cases, the tumor and peritumoral liver expressed neither HBcAg nor HbSaG, suggesting that they were caused by other etiologies than hepatitis B virus. 2. The peritumoral liver had HBsAg and HBcAg in 95.0% and 27.5% among the 40 cases, respectively. But the tumor expressed HBsAg in 50.0% and HBcAg in none. 3. The expression of HBsAg within the tumor and both HBsAg and HBcAg in the peritumoral liver tended to be more frequent in the pretreated cases before surgery. 4. Edmondson-Steiner grade IV tumors revealed a lower expression rate of HBsAg than the low grade tumors(p<0.05). Incases with cirrhosis at peritumoral tissues, HBcAg was less frequently found than in those without cirrhosis. The majority of tissue HBsAg and HBcAg was represented as groups of positive cells. These results suggest that, during the development and progression of HCCs, the HBcAg containing cells are repeatedly removed and the HBcAg negative cells are selected, because cellular expression of HBcAg is the target of host immune response.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of Warthin's tumor-report of 3 cases-.: Jee Young Han, Kwang Gil Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1993;4(2):146-149.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of paraganglioma of the retroperitoneum.: Jee Young Han, Kwang Gil Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1992;3(1):19-24.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney: Report of two cases.: Woo Hee Jung, Jee Young Han, So Yeon Park, Jae Eok Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1991;25(6):581-588.

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Abstract PDF: Clear cell sarcoma is a rare malignant rumor of the kidney which occurs in children and is differentiated from Wilms' tumor by its different clinicopathologic features and natural history. Previous studies indicate that this tumor may be of mesenchymal cell origin; however, this has not been proven conclusively. Further accumulation and study need to be conducted in order to clarify the histogenesis of this tumor. We report two cases of clear cell sarcoma of the kidney which occurred in a 2 and a half-year old and a 2-year old boy. This report places special emphasis on the clinicopathologic characteristics of these two cases including electron microscopic and immunohistochemical findings. Attempts were also made to differentiate the clinicopathologic aspects of clear cell sarcoma from Wilms' tumor and speculate on the histogenesis of this rumor.

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